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6. Bibliography and contact persons

6.1 NordGen breed stories

Published stories

Breed stories in preparation  

  • NordGen. (to be published). Norwegian Coldblooded Trotter
  • NordGen. (to be published). Jutland horse
  • NordGen. (to be published). Knabstrupper
  • NordGen. (to be published). Swedish Ardennes
  • NordGen. (to be published). Gotlandsruss
  • NordGen. (to be published). North Swedish horse

6.2 Country reports

Denmark

Contact persons:

Bibliography

Dansk Islandshesteforening, URL https://www.islandshest.dk/
Kierkegaard, L.S., Groeneveld, L.F., Kettunen, A., Berg, P. (2020). The status and need for characterization of Nordic animal genetic resources, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science, 69:1-2, 2-24, DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1722216
Federation Equestre Internationale, 2020. Equestrian Nation: Denmark [WWW Document]. FEI.org. URL https://www.fei.org/stories/lifestyle/my-equestrian-life/equestrian-nation-denmark (accessed 9.21.23).
Knabstrupperforeningen for Danmark hjemmeside [WWW Document], (n.d.) URL http://www.knabstrupperforeningen.dk/sider/english-knabstruphistory.htm (accessed 9.21.23).
Homepage Knabstrupperforeningen for Danmark. (n.d.). www.knabstrupper.dk  
Landbrugsstyrelsen, (2023). ”Bevaringsudvalg” [WWW Document]. Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri. URL https://lbst.dk/landbrug/genetiske-ressourcer/husdyrgenetiske-ressourcer/bevaringsudvalg (accessed 9.21.23).
Landbrugsstyrelsen, (n.d.). ”Heste” [WWW Document]. Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri. URL https://lbst.dk/landbrug/genetiske-ressourcer/husdyrgenetiske-ressourcer/gamle-danske-husdyrracer/heste
Meenen, H., n.d. The spoga horse country check (5): The horse industry in Denmark [WWW Document]. URL https://www.spogahorse.com/blog/the-spoga-horse-country-check-(5)-the-horse-industry-in-denmark.php (accessed 9.21.23).
Nielsen, H. M. and Kargo, M. (2020) An endangered horse breed can be conserved by using optimum contribution selection and preselection of stallions, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science, 69:1-2, 127-130, DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1728370
Pedigree Online, All breed Database, (2023). All Breed Pedigree Query [WWW Document]. URL https://www.allbreedpedigree.com/ (accessed 9.21.23).
Promerová, M., Andersson, L. S., Juras, R., Penedo, M. C. T, Reissmann, M., Tozaki, T., Bellone, R., et al. (2014). Worldwide frequency distribution of the “gait keeper” mutation in the DMRT3 gene. Animal Genetics 45(2), 274–282. doi:10.1111/age.12120.
Staiger, E. A., Almén, M. S., Promerová, M., Brooks, S., ​Cothran, E. G., Imsland, F., Fegraeus, K. J., et al. (2017). The evolutionary history of the DMRT3 “gait keeper” haplotype. Animal Genetics 48(5), 551–559. doi:10.1111/age.12580.
Sørensen, L.H. og Nielsen, V.H. (2017). Danske Husdyrgenetiske ressourcer. DCA rapport, nr. 100. DCA – Nationalt Center for Fødevarer og Jordbrug, Aarhus Universitet
The Danish Animal Ethics Council. (2023). Statement on the use of horses for sport. The ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries. [WWW Document] URL https://detdyreetiskeraad.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/Dyreetisk_Raad/Publikationer/​Udtalelser/Oversaettelser/Statement_on_the_use_of_horses_for_sport_2023.pdf
Thirstrup, J. P., Bach, L. A., Loeschcke, V. & Pertoldi, C. (2009).​ Population viability analysis on domestic horse breeds (Equus Caballus). Journal of Animal Science 87(11), 3525–3535. doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1760.
Thirstrup, J. P., Pertoldi, C. & Loeschcke, V. (2008). ​Genetic analysis, breed assignment and conservation priorities of three native Danish horse breeds. Animal Genetics 39(5), 496–505. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01767.x.

The Faroe Islands

Contact persons:  

  • Jens Ivan í Gerðinum (jiig@bst.fo)  - The Faroese Agricultural Agency

Bibliography

Berg, P., Praebel, A. & Joensen, D. (2013). Inbreeding status and conservation possibilities of the endangered faroese horse. In Book of Abstracts No.19. Nantes, France, available at: http://old.eaap.org/Previous_Annual_Meetings/2013Nantes/Nantes_2013_​Abstracts.pdf#page=504
Fosaa, A. M. (2001). A Review of Plant Communities of the Faroe Islands. Fróðskaparrit. 48. 41-54.
Kierkegaard, L.S., Groeneveld, L.F., Kettunen, A., Berg, P. (2020). The status and need for characterization of Nordic animal genetic resources, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science, 69:1-2, 2-24, DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1722216
Kjetså, M. Geraðinum, J. I., Òlavsdòttir, J., Joensen, M., Kallsoy Joensen, S., Honkatukia, M., Peippo, J. (2023). Action plan for the Conservation of the Faroese Horse. NordGen. ISBN:978-91-986029-4-4. DOI:10.53780/KZAS7267. (in production)
Promerová, M., Andersson, L. S., Juras, R., Penedo, M. C. T., Reissmann, M., Tozaki, T., Bellone, R., et al. (2014). Worldwide frequency distribution of the “gait keeper” mutation in the DMRT3 gene. Animal Genetics 45(2), 274–282. doi:10.1111/age.12120.
Staiger, E. A., Almén, M. S., Promerová, M., Brooks, S., Cothran, E. G., Imsland, F., Fegraeus, K. J., et al. (2017). The evolutionary history of the DMRT3 “gait keeper” haplotype. Animal Genetics 48(5), 551–559. doi:10.1111/age.12580

Viluma, A. (2012). Polymorphism in myostatin gene and athletic performance in Nordic horse breeds. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, available at: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/id/file/2988345

Finland

Contact persons

Bibliography

Back, S. (2016). Osteokondroosin Perinnöllinen Vaihtelu Suomenhevosilla – Prevalence and heritability of osteochondrosis in the Finnhorse population. University of Helsinki, available at: https://dspace2.lib.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/174433
Conn, L. B. (2017). The role of myostatin polymorphisms in the finnhorse and shetland pony breeds, 57.
Cothran, E., Juras, R. & Macijauskiene, ​V. (2005). Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence variation among 5 maternal lines of the Zemaitukai horse breed. Genetics and Molecular Biology 28(4), 677–681.
Ettala, A. (2015). Suomenhevosen Geneettisen Vaihtelun Arviointi Sukupuutiedoista – The genetic variability in finnhorse analysed using pedigree data. University of Helsinki, available at: https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/158993.
Gao, J. (2017). Effects of fat deposition on the expression of insulin-signaling pathway and MTORC1 genes in Finnhorse Mares. Master’s thesis. Helsingfors Universitet, 42.
Hallamaa, R. E. (2009). Characteristics of equine summer eczema with emphasis on differences between Finnhorses and Icelandic horses in a 11-year study. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 51, 29. doi:10.1186/1751-0147-51-29.
Hemmann, K., Ahonen, S., Raekallio, ​M., Vainio, O. & Lohi, H. (2014a). ​Exploration of known stereotypic behaviour-related candidate genes in equine crib-biting. Animal 8(03), 347–353. doi:10.1017/S1751731113002346.
Hemmann, K., Raekallio,  M., Vainio, O. & Juga, J. (2014b). Crib-Biting and its heritability in Finnhorses.  Applied Animal Behaviour Science 156(July), 37–43. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2014.04.008.
Huhtinen M, Peippo J, Bredbacka P. (1997). Successful transfer of biopsied equine embryos. Theriogenology. 1997 Aug;48(3):361-7. doi: 10.1016/s0093-691x(97)00247-1.
Kantanen, Juha & Bläuer, Auli 2013. Transition from hunting to animal husbandry in Southern, Western and Eastern Finland: new dated osteological evidence. Journal of Archaeological Science 40 (2013). 1646–1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.10.033.
Katila, T., Reilas, T., Nivola, K., Peltonen, ​T. & Virtala, A.-M. (2010). A 15-year survey of reproductive efficiency of standardbred and Finnhorse Trotters in Finland-descriptive results. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 52(1), 40.
Kierkegaard, L.S., Groeneveld, L.F., Kettunen, A., Berg, P. (2020). The status and need for characterization of Nordic animal genetic resources, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science, 69:1-2, 2-24, DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1722216
Kvist L, Honka J, Niskanen M, Liedes O, Aspi J (2020). Selection in the Finnhorse, a native all-around horse breed. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. November 2020 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12524
Ojala, Ilmari (toim.) 1997. Suomenhevonen Suomen puolesta 1939–1945. Karisto Oy.
Ojala, Ilmari 1996. Suomenhevonen. Teoksessa Dossenbach, Monique & Dossenbach, Hans D., Tammen suuri hevoskirja 3. Kustannusosakeyhtiö Tammi. 47–95.
Peippo J, Huhtinen M, Kotilainen T. (1995). Sex diagnosis of equine preimplantation embryos using the polymerase chain reaction. Theriogenology. 1995 Oct;44(5):619-27. doi: 10.1016/0093-691x(95)00242-z.
Petersen, J. L., Mickelson, J. R., Cothran, E. G., Andersson, L. S., Axelsson, J., Bailey, E., Bannasch, D., et al. (2013a). Genetic diversity in the modern horse illustrated from genome-wide SNP data. Edited by Hans Ellegren. PLoS ONE 8(1), e54997. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054997.
Petersen, J. L., Mickelson, J. R., Rendahl, A. K., Valberg, S. J., Andersson, L. S., Axelsson, J., Bailey, E., et al. (2013b). Genome-Wide analysis reveals selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds. Edited by Joshua M. Akey. PLoS Genetics 9(1), e1003211. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003211
Pokharel, K., Honkatukia, M., Ginja, C., Weldenegodguad, M., Peippo, J., Lindeberg, H.,  Reilas, T. and Kantanen, J.  (2023). Reference genome of the native Finnhorse as a tool to study the adaptation of northern Eurasian horse breeds. Proceedings of the 39th International Society for Animal Genetics, 2-7 July, 2023. Abstract book, page 37. 
Pouta, E., Tienhaara, A. & Ahtiainen, H. ​(2016). Citizens’ preferences for the conservation of agricultural genetic resources. In Advances in Farm Animal Genomic Resources. Frontiers Media SA.
Pösö, J. & Ojala, M. (2008). Estimates of genetic parameters of trotting performance traits for repeated annual records. Agricultural and Food Science 6(1), 11–18.
Pösö-Sievanen, L. (2015). Suomen Hevosalan Sidosryhmien Näkemys Suomen Hevosmatkailun Maabrändistä Ja Sen Kehittämisestä – The image of Finland’s equestrian tourism country brand and its development according to the stakeholders of finland’s equestrian industry. Laurea University of Applied Science, available at:  https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/97859/Hevosmatkailun%20brandi%​20hevosalan20sidosryhmien%20mukaan_ONT_Laura%20Poso-Sievanen.pdf?sequence=1
Raento, P. (2016). Geopolitics, identity, and horse sports in Finland. In Critical Geographies of Sport: Space, Power and Sport in Global Perspective. Routledge.
Ruohoniemi, M., Ahtiainen, H. & Ojala, ​M. (2003). Estimates of heritability for ossification of the cartilages of the front feet in the Finnhorse. Equine Veterinary Journal 35(1), 55–59.
Saastamoinen, M. (1990a). Factors affecting growth and development of foals and young horses. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 40(4), 387–396. doi:10.1080/00015129009438574.
Saastamoinen, M. (1990b). ​Heritabilities for body size and growth rate and phenotypic correlations among measurements in young horses. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 40(4), 377–386. doi:10.1080/00015129009438573.
Saastamoinen, M. T. (1991). Factors affecting age at onset of breaking, training, qualifying and first start in Finnish trotters. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 41(2), 137–145. doi:10.1080/00015129109438595.
Saastamoinen, M. T. & Ojala, M. J. (1991a). Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for racing performance in young trotters. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 41(4), 427–436. doi:10.1080/00015129109439925.
Saastamoinen, M. T. & Ojala, M. J. (1991b). Influence of birth-Month on age at first start and racing performance in young trotters. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 41(4), 437–445. doi:10.1080/00015129109439926.
Saastamoinen, M. T. & Ojala, M. (1994). Influence of different combinations of racing years on early career performance in trotters. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science 44(4), 208–213. doi:10.1080/09064709409410900.
Saastamoinen, M. T. & Nylander, A. (1996a). Genetic and phenotypic parameters for age at starting to race and racing performance during early career in trotters. Livestock Production Science 45(1), 63–68.
Saastamoinen, M. T. & Nylander, A. (1996b). Genetic and phenotypic parameters for age and speed at the beginning of racing career in trotters. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science 46(1), 39–45. doi:10.1080/09064709609410922.
Saastamoinen M. (ed) (2007). Suomenhevonen. Suomen Hippos ry. Gummerus kirjapaino Oy, Jyväskylä.
Sairanen, J., Nivola, K., Katila, T., ​Virtala, A.-M. & Ojala, M. (2009). Effects of inbreeding and other genetic components on equine fertility. Animal 3(12), 1662–1672. doi:10.1017/S1751731109990553.
Sairanen, J., Katila, T., Virtala, A.-M. & Ojala, M. (2011). Effects of racing on equine fertility. Animal Reproduction Science 124(1–2), 73–84. doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.02.010.
Schroderus, E. & Ojala, M. (2010). ​Estimates of genetic parameters for conformation measures and scores in Finnhorse and Standardbred foals: genetic parameters for foal conformation. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 127(5), 395–403. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00856.x.
Schuurman, N. & Nyman, J. (2014). ​Eco-national discourse and the case of the Finnhorse: Eco-national discourse and the Finnhorse. Sociologia Ruralis 54(3), 285–302. doi:10.1111/soru.12040.
Sild, E., Rooni, K., Värv, S., Røed, K., ​Popov, R., Kantanen, J. & Viinlass, H. ​(2019). Genetic diversity of Estonian horse breeds and their genetic affinity to Northern European and some Asian breeds. Livestock Science 220(February), 57–66. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2018.12.006.
Solala, Hilja 2017. Turvallinen suomenhevonen 1917–2017. Teoksessa Lehtomäki, Kirsti (toim.), Suomi turvassa 100 vuotta. Ajoneuvot suomalaisten turvana. Mobilia. 69–75.
Solala, Hilja 2021. Suomalaisen hevosrodun synty. Maatiaishevonen ja kotieläinjalostuksen murros 1893–1907. Doctoral dissertation. Tampere University. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-03-2031-7.
Suontama, M., Saastamoinen, M. T. & Ojala, M. (2009). Estimates of non-genetic effects and genetic parameters for body measures and subjectively scored traits in Finnhorse trotters. Livestock Science 124(1–3), 205–209.
Suontama, M., van der Werf, J. H. J., Juga, J. & Ojala, M. (2011). The use of foal and studbook traits in the breeding programmes of Finnhorse and Standardbred trotters: Foal and studbook traits of trotters. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 128(2), 114–123. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00886.x.

Suontama, M., van der Werf, J. H. J., Juga, J. & Ojala, M. (2012). Genetic parameters for racing records in Trotters using linear and generalized linear models. Journal of Animal Science 90(9), 2921–2930. doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4526.
Suontama, M., van der Werf, J. H. J., Juga, J. & Ojala, M. (2013). Genetic correlations for foal and studbook traits with racing traits and implications for selection strategies in the Finnhorse and Standardbred trotter: Conformation, functional and racing traits in trotters. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 130(3), 178–189. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2012.01011.x. [Crossref], [PubMed], ​[Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
Tenhunen, S. & Salonpää, T. (2016). Suomenhevosoriiden Valinta Geneettiseen Pitkäaikaissäilytykseen – Selection of Finnhorse Stallions for Cryopreservation. Savonia University of Applied Sciences, available at: https://theseus32-kk.lib.helsinki.fi/handle/10024/109215
Thuneberg-Selonen, T., Pösö, J., Mäntysaari, E. & ​Ojala, M. (1999). Use of individual race results in the estimation of genetic parameters of trotting performance for Finnhorse and Standardbred Trotters. Agricultural And Food Science in Finland 8, 353–363.

Iceland  

Contact persons

  • The Icelandic Agricultural Advisory Center Elsa Albertsdottir, elsa@rml.is

Bibliography

Adalsteinsson, S. (1981). Origin and conservation of farm animal populations in Iceland. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 98(1–4), 258–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1981.tb00349.x
Albertsdóttir E., Árnason T., Eriksson S., Sigurdsson Á. & Fikse W.F. (2012). Effects of integrated genetic evaluations for Icelandic horses on predictive ability, accuracy, and selection bias. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. 129, 41-49.
Albertsdóttir, E., Eriksson, S., Sigurdsson, Á. & Árnason, T. (2011). Genetic evaluation of 'breeding field test status' in Icelandic horses. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. 128 (2) 124-132.
Björnsson G.B. & Sveinsson H.J. (2004). Íslenski hesturinn [The Icelandic horse]. Mál og Menning, Reykjavík 415p. [In Icelandic].
Bjørnstad G & Røed KH 2001. Breed demarcation and potential for breed allocation of horses assessed by microsatellite markers. Animal Genetics 32, 59–65.
Bjørnstad G, Nilsen NO & Røed KH 2003. Genetic relationship between Mongolian and Norwegian horses? Animal Genetics 34, 55–58.
Hreiðarsdóttir, G. E., Árnason, T., Svansson, V., & Hallsson, J. H.  (2014). Analysis of the history and population structure of the Icelandic horse using pedigree data and DNA analyses. Icel. Agric. Sci. 63-79.
Icelandic Historical Statistics 1997. Number of livestock by type 1703-1852. Statistics Iceland (Hagstofa Íslands), Reykjavik. https://sogulegar.hagstofa.is/landbunadur/
Ingimar Sveinsson (2010). Hrossafræði Ingimars. Uppheimar, 334 p.  ISBN 978-9979-659-84-6. [I Icelandic].
Kristjansson, T., Bjornsdottir, S., Sigurdsson, A., Andersson, L. S., Lindgren, G., Helyar, S. J., Klonowski, A. M., & Arnason, T. (2014). The effect of the „Gait keeper” mutation in the DMRT3 gene on gaiting ability in Icelandic horses. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 131(6), 415–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12112
Kristjansson, Thorvaldur, Bjornsdottir, S., Albertsdóttir, E., Sigurdsson, A., Pourcelot, P., Crevier-Denoix, N., & Arnason, T. (2016). Association of conformation and riding ability in Icelandic horses. Livestock Science, 189, 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2016.05.010
Reglugerð um uppruna og ræktun íslenska hestsins 442/2011. https://www.reglugerd.is/reglugerdir/eftir-raduneytum/landbunadarraduneyti/nr/17553
Reynisson G. (2017). Analysis of movement in pace and tölt in the Icelandic horse. MSc thesis, Agricultural University of Iceland. https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/28901/1/Master-Gunnar%20Reynisson%20xx.pdf.
Erfðanefnd Landbúnaðarins – homepage. (2022). URL www.agrogen.is
The Icelandic Agricultural Advisory Center (RML) – homepage. (n.d.).URL  www.rml.is
Landssamband hestamannafégala – homepage (n.d.). URL https://www.lhhestar.is/
FEIF – International Federation of Icelandic Horse Associations – homepage. (n.d.).  URL https://www.feif.org/
 

Norway

Contact persons: 

Bibliography

Andersson, L. (2010). Analysis of inbreeding in the Swedish Gotland Pony using pedigree information and microsatellite markers. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, available at: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/8923/7/andersson_l_160322.pdf
Bhatnagar, A. S., East, C. M. and Splan, R. K. (2011). Genetic variability of the Norwegian fjord horse in North America. Animal Genetic Resources 49, 43–49. doi:10.1017/S2078633611000105.
Bjørnstad, G., Gunby, E. and Røed, K. H. (2000). Genetic structure of Norwegian horse breeds. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 117(5), 307–317.
Bjørnstad, G., Nilsen, N. Ø. and Røed, K. H. (2003). Genetic relationship between Mongolian and Norwegian horses? Animal Genetics 34(1), 55–58.
Bjornstad, G. and Roed, K. H. (2002). Evaluation of factors affecting individual assignment precision using microsatellite data from horse breeds and simulated breed crosses. Animal Genetics 33(4), 264–270. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00868.x.
Bjørnstad, G. and Røed, K. H. (2001). Breed demarcation and potential for breed allocation of Horses Assessed by microsatellite markers. Animal Genetics 32(2), 59–65.
Brooks, S. A., Makvandi-Nejad, S., Chu, E., Allen, J. J., Streeter, C., Gu, E., McCleery, B., 
Murphy, B. A., Bellone, R. & Sutter, N. B. (2010). Morphological variation in the horse: Defining complex traits of body size and shape: Skeletal traits in the horse. Animal Genetics 41 (December), 159–165. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02127.x.
Dolvik, N. I. & Klemetsdal, G. (1999). ​Conformational traits of Norwegian cold-blooded trotters: Heritability and the relationship with performance. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science 49(3), 156–162. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/090647099424060
Eriksen, T. (2010). The Nordland / Lyngen horse. Thesis, Szent Istvan University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, available at: http://www.huveta.hu/handle/10832/238
Fegraeus, K. J., Lawrence, C., Petäjistö, ​K., Johansson, M. K., Wiklund, M., Olsson, C., ​
Andersson, L., et al. (2017b). Lack of ​significant associations with early career
performance suggest no link between the DMRT3 “gait keeper” mutation and precocity
in coldblooded trotters. PLOS ONE 12(5), e0177351. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177351
Fegraeus, K. J., Velie, B. D., Axelsson, J., Ang, R., Hamilton, N. A., Andersson, L., Meadows, J. R. S. & Lindgren, G. (2018b). A potential regulatory region near the EDN3 gene may control both harness racing performance and coat color variation in horses. Physiological Reports 6(10), e13700. doi:10.14814/phy2.13700.             
Holm, A. W., Bjørnstad, G. & Ruohoniemi, M. ​(2000). Ossification of the cartilages in the front feet of young Norwegian coldblooded horses. Equine Veterinary Journal 32(2), 156–160.
Høiseth, M. (2017). Genetisk Variasjon Og Fargegenetikk Hos Fjordhest. n.d. Accessed 24 September 2019, available at: https://nmbu.brage.unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2453484/Masteroppgave20Mia20HC3B8iseth.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Jansen, T., Forster, P., Levine, M. A., Oelke, H., Hurles, M., Renfrew, C., ​Weber, J. & Olek, K. (2002). Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99(16), 10905–10910.
Jensen, R. B., Blache, D., Knudsen, K. E. B., Austbø, D. & Tauson, A.-H. (2017). The effect of diet and exercise on plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in horses measured before and after exercise. Comparative Exercise Physiology 13(2), 97–104. doi:10.3920/CEP170004.
Kierkegaard, L.S., Groeneveld, L.F., Kettunen, A., Berg, P. (2020). The status and need for characterization of Nordic animal genetic resources, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science, 69:1-2, 2-24, DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1722216
Klemetsdal, G. (1999). Stochastic simulation of sire selection strategies in North-Swedish and Norwegian cold-blooded trotters. Livestock Production Science 57(3), 219–229.
Kvale, M. I. S. (2010). Development and breeding of the Norwegian Døle Horse. Thesis, Szent István University, available at: http://www.huveta.hu/handle/10832/303
Lindgren, G., Backström, N., Swinburne, ​J., Hellborg, L., Einarsson, A., Sandberg, K., 
Cothran, G., ​Vilà, C., Binns, M. & Ellegren, H. (2004). ​Limited number of patrilines in horse domestication. Nature Genetics 36(4), 335–336.
Melheim, M. (2017). Genetisk variasjon og clusteranalyse på bakgrunn av slektskapsdata hjå dølahest, available at: https://nmbu.brage.unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/handle/11250/2459691
Nielsen, L. B., Holene, A., Spongsveen, O. O. H., Frøiland, C., Svartedal, N. (2023). Nøkkeltall 2022 fra Norsk genressurssenter. Status for bevaringsverdige husdyr, skogtrær og kulturplanter 
Norsk Hestesenter (2023). Nøkkeltal om dei nasjonale hesterasane. Rapport for 2022.
Norsk Hestesenter (2022). Nøkkeltal om dei nasjonale hesterasane. Rapport for 2021.
Norsk Hestesenter (2021). Nøkkeltal om dei nasjonale hesterasane. Rapport for 2020.
Norsk Hestesenter (2020). Nøkkeltal om dei nasjonale hesterasane. Rapport for 2019.
Norsk Hestesenter (2019). Nøkkeltal om dei nasjonale hesterasane. Rapport for 2018.
Norsk Hestesenter (2017). Nasjonale hesteraser Årsrapport 2017.
Norsk Hestesenter (2016). Status for de nasjonale hesterasene høsten 2016.
Olsen, H. F. and Klemetsdal, G. (2010). ​Management to ensure effective population size in a breeding programme for the small Norwegian horse breeds – a simulation study. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science 60(1), 60–63. doi:10.1080/09064700903567799.
Olsen, H. F. and Klemetsdal, G. (2017). ​Temperament of the Norwegian horse breeds – a questionnaire based study. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 193(August), 60–66. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2017.03.015.
Olsen, H. F., Klemetsdal, G. and Helfjord, J. R. (2000). Innavlsnivå Og Effektiv Populasjonsstørrelse i Dølehestavlen. UMB & Norsk Hestesenter, available at: http://www.umb.no/statisk/husdyrforsoksmoter/2000/138.pdf
Olsen, H. F., Klemetsdal, G., Ruane, J. and Helfjord, ​T. (2005). Use of Probabilities of Gene Origin to Describe Genetic Variation in Two Endangered Norwegian Horse Breeds. In Conservation Genetics of Endangered Horse Breeds. EAAP Publication, No. 116, available at: http://www.welshponiesandcobs.com/Preservation/Conservation%​20Genetics%​20of%​20Endangered%20Horse%20Breeds.pdf​

Olsen, H., Klemetsdal, G., Ruane, J. and ​Helfjord, T. (2010). Pedigree structure and genetic variation in the two endangered Norwegian horse breeds: døle and Nordland/lyngen. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science 60(1), 13–22. doi:10.1080/09064701003639884.
Olsen, H. F., Klemetsdal, G., Ødegård, J. & ​Árnason, T. (2012). Validation of alternative models in genetic evaluation of racing performance in North Swedish and Norwegian cold-blooded trotters: Validation of alternative models in the cold-blooded trotter. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 129(2), 164–170. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2011.00943.x.
Olsen, H. F., Meuwissen, T. & Klemetsdal, G. (2013). ​Optimal contribution selection applied to the Norwegian and the North-Swedish cold-Blooded trotter - a Feasibility study: Optimal contribution selection in cold-blooded trotters. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 130(3), 170–177. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2012.01005.x.
Petersen, J. L., Mickelson, J. R., Cothran, E. G., Andersson, L. S., Axelsson, J., Bailey, E., Bannasch, D., et al. (2013a). Genetic diversity in the modern horse illustrated from genome-wide SNP data. Edited by Hans Ellegren. PLoS ONE 8(1), e54997. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054997.
Petersen, J. L., Mickelson, J. R., Rendahl, A. K., Valberg, S. J., Andersson, L. S., Axelsson, J., Bailey, E., et al. (2013b). Genome-Wide analysis reveals selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds. Edited by Joshua M. Akey. PLoS Genetics 9(1), e1003211. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003211.
Petäjistö, K. (2016). The role of myostatin in coldblooded trotter harness racing performance. Second cycle, A2E, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, available at: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/9762/
Promerová, M., Andersson, L. S., Juras, R., Penedo, M. C. T., Reissmann, M., Tozaki, T., Bellone, R., et al. (2014). Worldwide frequency distribution of the “gate keeper” mutation in the DMRT3 gene. Animal Genetics 45(2), 274–282. doi:10.1111/age.12120.
Revold, T., Larsen, S. & Ihler, C. F. (2010). Prediction of early race starts in Norwegian-Swedish coldblooded trotters. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 52(1), 53.
Selle, T. (2010). Genetisk Analyse Av Utstillingsresultat for Dei Norske Hesterasane Dølehest, Fjordhest Og Nordlandshest/Lyngshest – Genetic Analysis of Show Results for the Norwegian Horse Breeds; the Døle Horse,the Fjord Horse, and the Nordland/Lyngen Pony. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, available at: https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/185970
Sild, E., Rooni, K., Värv, S., Røed, K., ​Popov, R., Kantanen, J. and Viinlass, H. ​(2019). Genetic diversity of Estonian horse breeds and their genetic affinity to Northern European and some Asian breeds. Livestock Science 220(February), 57–66. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2018.12.006.
Staiger, E. A., Almén, M. S., Promerová, M., Brooks, S., Cothran, E. G., Imsland, F., Fegraeus, K. J., et al. (2017). The evolutionary history of the DMRT3 “gait keeper” haplotype. Animal Genetics 48(5), 551–559. doi:10.1111/age.12580.
Strøm, L. C. (2010). Breeding and Breed Development of the Norwegian Fjord Horse (Budapest: Szent Istvan University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science).
Tenhunen, S. (2018). Utilizing shared segments for build-up genomic relationship between the Norwegian and the Swedish Fjord Horse. Accessed 10 December 2019, available at: https://nmbu.brage.unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2570640/Tenhunen2018.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Vangen, O. (1983). The use of relationship matrices to avoid inbreeding in small horse populations. Zeitschrift Für Tierzüchtung Und Züchtungsbiologie 100(1–5), 48–54. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.1983.tb00711.x.
Vila, C. (2001). Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages. Science 291(5503), 474–477. doi:10.1126/science.291.5503.474.
Viluma, A. (2012). Polymorphism in myostatin gene and athletic performance in Nordic horse breeds. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, available at: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/id/file/2988345
Velie, B. D., Fegraeus, K. J., Solé, M., Rosengren, M. K., Røed, K. H., Ihler, C.-F., Strand, E. & Lindgren, G. (2018). A genome-Wide association study for harness racing success in the Norwegian-Swedish coldblooded trotter reveals genes for learning and energy metabolism. BMC Genetics 19(1), 80. doi:10.1186/s12863-018-0670-3.
Velie, B. D., Lillie, M., Fegraeus, K. J., Rosengren, M. K., Solé, M., Wiklund, M., Ihler, C.-F., Strand, E. & Lindgren, G. (2019). ​Exploring the genetics of Trotting racing ability in horses using a unique Nordic horse model. BMC Genomics 20(1), 104. doi:10.1186/s12864-019-5484-9.
Wulfsberg, J. V. (2010). Unique trotter: The Norwegian coldblooded horse. Thesis, Szent István University, available at: http://www.huveta.hu/handle/10832/246

Sweden

Contact persons:  

Bibliography:

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Fortini, A. (2015). An ethological field study on spatial ecology and resources selection of feral ponies gotland russ during winter. Universitádegli studi di Torino, available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aura_Fortini/publication/294086730_An_ethological_field_study_on_spatial_ecology_and_resources_selection_of_feral_ponies_Gotland_Russ_during_winter/links/56bda8bc08ae3b4ebe8a934e.pdf
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Kangas, N. (2013). Association of the DMRT3 nonsense mutation with pattern of Locomotin in five different horse breeds. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, available at: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/5834/7/​kangas_n_130704.pdf
Kierkegaard, L.S., Groeneveld, L.F., Kettunen, A., Berg, P. (2020). The status and need for characterization of Nordic animal genetic resources, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science, 69:1-2, 2-24, DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1722216
Kierkegaard, L.S., Groeneveld, L.F., Kettunen, A., Berg, P. (2020). The status and need for characterization of Nordic animal genetic resources, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science, 69:1-2, 2-24, DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1722216
Klemetsdal, G. (1999). Stochastic simulation of sire selection strategies in North-Swedish and Norwegian cold-blooded trotters. Livestock Production Science 57(3), 219–229.
Kolstrup, C.L., Pinzke, S., Löfqvist, L., Järvinen, M., Korpa, V., Paula, L., Kursìtils, A., 2013. Hästsektorns aktuella status i mellersta Östersjöområdet. Landskap Trädgård Jordbruk.
Lindgren, G., Backström, N., ​Swinburne, J., Hellborg, L., Einarsson, ​A., Sandberg, K., Cothran, ​G., Vilà, C., Binns, M. & Ellegren, H. ​(2004). Limited number of patrilines in horse domestication. Nature Genetics 36(4), 335–336.
Näslund, K. (2016). Habitat preferences and shelter seeking behaviour of extensively kept gotland ponies. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, available at: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/8723/7/naslund_k_160108.pdf
Olsen, H. F., Klemetsdal, G., Ødegård, J. & Árnason, T. (2012). Validation of alternative models in genetic evaluation of racing performance in North Swedish and Norwegian cold-blooded trotters: Validation of alternative models in the cold-blooded trotter. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 129(2), 164–170. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2011.00943.x.
Olsen, H. F., Meuwissen, T. & Klemetsdal, G. (2013). Optimal contribution selection applied to the Norwegian and the North-Swedish cold-Blooded trotter – a Feasibility study: Optimal contribution selection in cold-blooded trotters. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 130(3), 170–177. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2012.01005.x.
Petäjistö, K. (2016). The role of myostatin in coldblooded trotter harness racing performance. Second cycle, A2E, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, available at: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/9762/
Petersen, J. L., Mickelson, J. R., Cothran, E. G., Andersson, L. S., Axelsson, J., Bailey, E., Bannasch, D., et al. (2013a). Genetic diversity in the modern horse illustrated from genome-wide SNP data. Edited by Hans Ellegren. PLoS ONE 8(1), e54997. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054997.
Petersen, J. L., Mickelson, J. R., Rendahl, A. K., Valberg, S. J., Andersson, L. S., Axelsson, J., Bailey, E., et al. (2013b). Genome-Wide analysis reveals selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds. Edited by Joshua M. Akey. PLoS Genetics 9(1), e1003211. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003211.
Promerová, M., Andersson, L. S., Juras, R., Penedo, M. C. T., Reissmann, M., Tozaki, T., Bellone, R., et al. (2014). Worldwide frequency distribution of the “gait keeper” mutation in the DMRT3 gene. Animal Genetics 45(2), 274–282. doi:10.1111/age.12120.
Siekas, A.-C. (2006). Populationsstruktur och genetisk analys av exteriöra egenskaper hos svensk ardenner. Other, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, available at: https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11080/
Staiger, E. A., Almén, M. S., Promerová, M., Brooks, S., Cothran, ​E. G., Imsland, F., Fegraeus, K. J., et al. (2017). The evolutionary history of the DMRT3 “gait keeper” haplotype. Animal Genetics 48(5), 551–559. doi:10.1111/age.12580.
Swedish Board of Agriculture, 2009. A short version the action plan for the long-term sustainable management of Swedish animal genetic r [WWW Document]. URL https://webbutiken.jordbruksverket.se/sv/artiklar/ra0915k.html (accessed 9.21.23).
Tullberg, M. (2008). Hovbroskförbening hos svenska ardennerhästen. Other, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, available at: https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/11765/
Velie, B. D., Fegraeus, K. J., Solé, M., Rosengren, M. K., Røed, K. H., Ihler, C.-F., Strand, E. & Lindgren, G. (2018). A genome-Wide association study for harness racing success in the Norwegian-Swedish coldblooded trotter reveals genes for learning and energy metabolism. BMC Genetics 19(1), 80. doi:10.1186/s12863-018-0670-3.
Velie, B. D., Lillie, M., Fegraeus, K. J., Rosengren, M. K., Solé, M., Wiklund, M., Ihler, C.-F., Strand, E. & Lindgren, G. (2019). ​Exploring the genetics of Trotting racing ability in horses using a unique Nordic horse model. BMC Genomics 20(1), 104. doi:10.1186/s12864-019-5484-9.
Vila, C. (2001). Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages. Science 291(5503), 474–477. doi:10.1126/science.291.5503.474.
Viluma, A. (2012). Polymorphism in myostatin gene and athletic performance in Nordic horse breeds. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, available at: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/id/file/2988345

6.3 Nordic native horse breed genetics

Andersson, L.S. et al. (2011). ‘Multiple congenital ocular anomalies in Icelandic horses’, BMC Veterinary Research, 7, p. 21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-7-21.
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Ewens, W.J. (2013). ‘Genetic Variation’, in S. Maloy and K. Hughes (eds) Brenner’s Encyclopedia of Genetics (Second Edition). San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 290–291. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374984-0.00631-8.
Finno, C. (2020). Equine Genetic Diseases, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, E-Book: Equine Genetic Diseases, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Garfield, J., 2016. Scandinavian Coldblood Trotter Horse Info, Origin, History, Pictures. HorseBreedsPictures.com. URL https://www.horsebreedspictures.com/scandinavian-coldblood-trotter.asp (accessed 9.18.23).
Hedenström, U.O. et al. (2014). ‘Ossification of ungular cartilages in front feet of cold-blooded trotters - a clinical radiographic evaluation of development over time’, Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 56(1), p. 73. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-014-0073-z.
Hedenström, U.O. and Wattle, O.S. (2014). ‘Significance of ossificated ungular cartilages regarding the performance of cold-blooded trotters’, Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 56(1), p. 74. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-014-0074-y.
Huggett, M. (2020). The Norwegian Fjord: A Horse for All Ages, Horse Journals. Available at: https://www.horsejournals.com/popular/breed-profiles/norwegian-fjord-horse-all-ages (Accessed: 7 September 2023).
Jäderkvist Fegraeus, K. et al. (2018). ‘A potential regulatory region near the EDN3 gene may control both harness racing performance and coat color variation in horses’, Physiological Reports, 6(10), p. e13700. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13700.
Johansson, M.K. et al. (2017). ‘The refractive state of the eye in Icelandic horses with the Silver mutation’, BMC Veterinary Research, 13(1), p. 153. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1059-7.
Joensen, S. K., (2024),  The Genomic Diversity and Population Structure of the Faroese Horse (Msc). University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology.
Kettunen, A., Kallsoy Joensen, S. and Berg, P. (2022). ‘Optimum contribution selection (OCS) analyses prompted successful conservation actions for Faroese Horse population’, Genetic Resources, 3(5), pp. 59–67. Available at: https://doi.org/10.46265/genresj.KKXV5870.
Kingsley, N.B. et al. (2023). ‘Risk factors for insidious uveitis in the Knabstrupper breed’, Equine Veterinary Journal, 55(5), pp. 820–830. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13879.
Kvist, L. et al. (2019). ‘Genetic variability and history of a native Finnish horse breed’, Genetics Selection Evolution, 51(1), p. 35. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-019-​0480-8.
Kvist, L. et al. (2021). ‘Selection in the Finnhorse, a native all‐around horse breed’, Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 138(2), pp. 188–203. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12524.
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